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This is a list of Proto-Semitic stems (triconsonantal roots and extensions) with their reflexes in several Semitic languages (i.e. actually-pronounced forms with vowels, as opposed to Semitic pure consonantal roots). Only stems attested in Akkadian, or with cognates in other Afro-Asiatic groups, can be confidently included in Proto-Semitic; others must be placed in West Semitic. There is some controversy in Semitic linguistics over the sibilants\' pronunciation (see Proto-Semitic, Shin (letter)).
Contents |
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Ge\'ez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| earth | *ʼarṣ́- | erṣet- | ʼarḍ- | ʼéreṣ | ʼarʻ-ā | ? | ? | ʼars |
| father | *ʼab- | ab- | ʼab- | ʼāḇ | ʼab-ā | ʼab | ḥa-yb | ab- |
| god | *ʼil-(āh)- | il- | ʼilāh- | ʼēl-(ôh)- | ʼalāh-ā | - | - | el-, il-(uh)- |
| grape/wineD. Jordan, An Offering of Wine, Doctoral Thesis, The Department of Semitic Studies, University of Sydney (2002)Online Etymology, "Wine" | *wayn- | - | wayn- | yáyin (\'wine\') | - | wayn- | - | yaynu, yayn |
| house | bayt- | bītu, bētu | bayt- | báyiṯ, bêṯ | bayt-ā | bet | beyt, bêt | bet, bit |
| husband | baʻl- | bēlu | baʻl- | báʻal | b·ʻ·l | baʻāl | bâl | baʻal (> "master") |
| king | mal(i)k- | mal(i)ku | malik- | méleḵ | - | - | - | mal(i)k |
| milk | ḥalīb- | ḫilpu | ḥalīb-, ḥalab- | ḥālāḇ | ḥalb-ā | ḥalīb | - | haleeb |
| name | *šm- | šum- | ism- | šēm | šm-ā | sim | ham | šēm |
| peace | *šalām- | šalām- | salām- | šālôm | šlām-ā | salām | səlōm | salem, šalem |
| sun | *śamš- | šamšu | šams- | šémeš | šemš-ā | - | - | šams-, šamš- |
| tree | *ʻiṣ- | iṣu, iṣṣu | ʻiḍ-at- | ʻēṣ | - | ʻiṣ | - | ʻiṣ |
| water | *may-/*māy- | mū | māʼ- | máyim | mayy-ā | māy | ḥə-mō | maym |
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blood | *dam- | - | dam- | dām | dm-ā | dam | - | damm |
| eye | *ʻayn- | īn- | ʻayn- | ʻáyin | ʻayn-ā | ʻayn | ʼāyn | ʻayn |
| hand | *yad- | id- | yad- | yāḏ | ʼīdā | ʼid | ḥayd | yad |
| heart | *lib(a)b- | libb- | lubb- | lēḇ(āḇ) | lebb-ā | libb | ḥa-wbēb | lib |
| tongue | *lišān-/*lašān- | lišān- | lisān- | lāšôn | leššān-ā | lissān | əwšēn | lshen, lashun |
| tooth | *šinn- | šinn- | sinn- | šēn | šenn-ā | śinn* | - | šin- |
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bull | *ṯawr- | šūru | ṯawr- | šôr (> \'ox\') | - | sōr | - | šūr, tor |
| camel | *gam(a)l- | gammal- (gaml-) | ǧamal- | gāmāl | gaml-ā | gamal | gəmmōl | gamml |
| dog | *kalb- | kalb- | kalb- | kéleḇ | kalb-ā | kalb | ? | kalb |
| ewe | *raḫil- | laḫru | riḫl(at)- | rāḫēl | - | - | - | - |
This is a list of cognates for which no Akkadian cognate is known or attested.
| English | PWS | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wasp | *dVb(V)r- | dabr-, dibr- | dəḇôrāh (> "bee") | debbōr-ā, debbor-t-ā | - | - | - |
| holy | *ḳudš- | quds | qōḏeš | qudš-ā | qiddūs | - | quddosh |
| son | *bn- | ibn | bēn | br-ā | - | bər, ḥə-brē | bin, bar |
| white | *laban- | laban (> "buttermilk") | lāḇān | - | - | lbōn | laban |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia